Post by Noah on Jan 20, 2013 22:22:04 GMT -5
I skipped a bit ahead and ran Yuya's microsatellite marker values in the table below through the Earth Human Short Tandem Repeat Allele Frequencies Database (EHSTRAFD)'s Allele Frequency Global Tracking (AFGT) module.
Like Ramesses III's, Tutankhamun's and Thuya's results, Yuya's alleles showed a high incidence amongst modern South Asian communities. There were also some secondary links with Sub-Saharan African, Amerindian, East Asian, Eastern European and Austronesian populations.
What sets Yuya apart is that he had a record four loci (marked below with a single asterisk) where Sub-Saharan African groups did not appear at all amongst the top 100 reference populations. These were also alleles that occurred at relatively high-to-moderate frequencies in various Eurasian communities (over 19% for the top five populations); yet, they appeared to be altogether absent from the database's Sub-Saharan populations. The converse, however, never occurred: neither Yuya nor any of the other Ancient Egyptian mummies cited above had any alleles where Sub-Saharan populations exclusively constituted the top 100 reference populations.
In other words, not only did South Asian groups constitute the highest matches for most alleles on each of the tested mummies' loci, the alleles that appeared to be geographically exclusive all had Eurasian distribution patterns as well.
YUYA (KV46)
Locus: D13S317
Allele: 11 (1st parent)
1. Chamorro - Guam (43.9)
2. Old Believers - North-Eastern Poland (42.4%)
3. Lithuanian - North-Eastern Poland (40.7%)
4. Polish - Northern Poland (40.35%)
5. Kurmi - Uttar Pradesh, India (39.5%)
Population affinity: Micronesian, East European, Indian
Allele: 13 (2nd parent)
1. African - Choco, Colombia (27.65%)
2. Colombian - Bogota, Colombia (26.22%)
3. Saharawis - Western Sahara (22.1%)
4. Colombian - Antioquia, Colombia (21.3%)
5. Fang - Bioko, Equatorial Guinea (20.8%)
Population affinity: West African, Northwest African, Amerindian (?)
Locus: D7S820
Allele: 6 (1st parent)
1. Madia-Gond - Maharashtra, India (8%)
2. Katkari - Maharashtra, India (6.2%)
3. Asian-derived Brazilian - Sao Paulo, Brazil (1.8%)
4. Thakur - Uttar Pradesh, India (1.4%)
5. Jat - Uttar Pradesh, India (1.2%)
Population affinity: South Asian, Amerindian
**Allele: 15 (2nd parent)
1. Buddhist - Ladakh, India (2.8%)
2. Katkari - Maharashtra, India (1.6%)
3. Berber - Southern Morocco (1%)
4. Northern Arab - Dubai Emirate (0.5%)
5. Chinese - Eastern China (0.5%)
Population affinity: Indian, Berber, Chinese
Locus: D2S1338
Allele: 22 (1st parent)
1. Mozambican - Maputo, Mozambique (19.4%)
2. Otomi Amerindian (Hna-hnu) - Tenango de Doria & San Bartolo Tutotepec, Mexico (16.1%)
3. Fang - Bioko, Equatorial Guinea (15.83%)
4. Equatorial Guinean - Madrid, Spain (15.7%)
5. Angolan - Cabinda, Angola (15%)
Population affinity: Sub-Saharan African, Amerindian
Allele: 27 (2nd parent)
1. Tutsi - Central Rwanda, Rwanda (3.226%)
2. Turk - Western Mediterranean Reg., Turkey (1.9%)
3. Han - Jilin, China (1.3%)
4. Indian - Malaysia (1%)
5. Angolan - Cabinda, Angola (0.91%)
Population affinity: Sub-Saharan African, Turkish, Chinese, Indian
Locus: D21S11
*Allele: 29 (1st parent)
1. Argon - Ladakh, India (34.8%)
2. Arab - Zriba, Tunisia (33.3%)
3. Chinese - Macau, China (32.8%)
4. Egyptian - Cairo, Egypt (32.5%)
5. Albanian - Kosovo (31.6%)
Population affinity: Indian, North African, Chinese, Albanian
Allele: 34 (2nd parent)
1. Colombian - Boyaca, Colombia (4.5%)
2. Satnami - Chhattisgarh, India (2.6%)
3. Brazilian - Pernambuco, Brazil (2.4%)
4. Angolan - Cabinda, Angola (2.27%)
5. Khatri - Uttar Pradesh, India (2.2%)
Population affinity: Amerindian, Sub-Saharan African, South Asian
Locus: D16S539
**Allele: 6 (1st parent)
1. Tamil - Tamil Nadu, India (1.67%)
2. Tibetan - Gannan, China (0.9%)
3. European-derived Brazilian - Sao Paulo, Brazil (0.5%)
4. Angolan - Cabinda, Angola (0.45%)
5. Venezuelan - Maracaibo, Venezuela (0.38%)
Population affinity: Indian, Tibetan, Iberian, Angolan, Amerindian
Allele: 10 (2nd parent)
1. Adi Pasi - Arunachal Pradesh, India (38.1%)
2. Hmar - Mizoram, India (31.4%)
3. Otomi Amerindian (Hna-hnu) - Cardonal, Mexico (29.8%)
4. Athabaskan - Alaska, United States (29.21%)
5. Huastecos Amerindian - Sain Luis Potosi, Mexico (27.85%)
Population affinity: South Asia, Amerindian, Inuit
Locus: D18S51
*Allele: 12 (1st parent)
1. Egyptian - Cairo, Egypt (23.6%)
2. Kurmi - Bihar, India (20.4%)
3. Male - Madeira, Portugal (20%)
4. Basque - Alava, Spain (19.59%)
5. Northern Arab - Dubai Emirate (19%)
Population affinity: Egyptian, Indian, Iberian, Gulf Arab
Allele: 22 (2nd parent)
1. Lusei - Mizoram, India (4.3%)
2. Argentine - Neuquen, Argentina (3.15%)
3. Huastecos Amerindian - San Luis Potosi, Mexico (2.91%)
4. East Timor - East Timor, Timor-Leste (2.7%)
5. African American - Bahamas (2.55%)
Population affinity: Indian, Amerindian, Austronesian, Sub-Saharan African
Locus: CSF1PO
Allele: 9 (1st parent)
1. Corsican - Upper Corsica, France (22.92%)
2. Corsican - Southern Corsica, France (22.29%)
3. Hutu - Nyarurema, Rwanda (17%)
4. Tutsi - Central Rwanda, Rwanda (11.667%)
5. Athabaskan - Alaska, United States (10.4%)
Population affinity: Corsican, Rwandan, Inuit
*Allele: 12 (2nd parent)
1. Lai - Mizoram, India (59.8%)
2. Han - Henan, China (58.9%)
3. Mahadeo-Koli - Maharashtra, India (55.7%)
4. Salishan - United States (50%)
5. Saskatchewan - United States (49.37%)
Population affinity: South Asian, Chinese, Amerindian
Locus: FGA
*Allele: 20 (1st parent)
1. Basque - Biscay, Spain (23.57%)
2. Argon - Ladakh, India (21.2%)
3. Basque - Alava, Spain (21.13%)
4. Byelorussian - North-Eastern Poland (20.3%)
5. Katkari - Maharashtra, India (20%)
Population affinity: Basque, Indian, Eastern European
Allele: 25 (2nd parent)
1. Huastecos Amerindian - San Luis Potosi, Mexico (29.55%)
2. Huastecos Amerindian - Huasteca, Mexico (29.4%)
3. Apache - United States (22.98%)
4. Otomi Amerindian (Hna-hnu) - Tenango de Doria & San Bartolo Tutotepec, Mexico (21.5%)
5. Yupik - South-Western Alaska, United States (21%)
Population affinity: Amerindian, Inuit
*asterisk=alleles whose top 100 AFGT matches are exclusively Eurasian
**double asterisk=rare allele
Like Ramesses III's, Tutankhamun's and Thuya's results, Yuya's alleles showed a high incidence amongst modern South Asian communities. There were also some secondary links with Sub-Saharan African, Amerindian, East Asian, Eastern European and Austronesian populations.
What sets Yuya apart is that he had a record four loci (marked below with a single asterisk) where Sub-Saharan African groups did not appear at all amongst the top 100 reference populations. These were also alleles that occurred at relatively high-to-moderate frequencies in various Eurasian communities (over 19% for the top five populations); yet, they appeared to be altogether absent from the database's Sub-Saharan populations. The converse, however, never occurred: neither Yuya nor any of the other Ancient Egyptian mummies cited above had any alleles where Sub-Saharan populations exclusively constituted the top 100 reference populations.
In other words, not only did South Asian groups constitute the highest matches for most alleles on each of the tested mummies' loci, the alleles that appeared to be geographically exclusive all had Eurasian distribution patterns as well.
YUYA (KV46)
Locus: D13S317
Allele: 11 (1st parent)
1. Chamorro - Guam (43.9)
2. Old Believers - North-Eastern Poland (42.4%)
3. Lithuanian - North-Eastern Poland (40.7%)
4. Polish - Northern Poland (40.35%)
5. Kurmi - Uttar Pradesh, India (39.5%)
Population affinity: Micronesian, East European, Indian
Allele: 13 (2nd parent)
1. African - Choco, Colombia (27.65%)
2. Colombian - Bogota, Colombia (26.22%)
3. Saharawis - Western Sahara (22.1%)
4. Colombian - Antioquia, Colombia (21.3%)
5. Fang - Bioko, Equatorial Guinea (20.8%)
Population affinity: West African, Northwest African, Amerindian (?)
Locus: D7S820
Allele: 6 (1st parent)
1. Madia-Gond - Maharashtra, India (8%)
2. Katkari - Maharashtra, India (6.2%)
3. Asian-derived Brazilian - Sao Paulo, Brazil (1.8%)
4. Thakur - Uttar Pradesh, India (1.4%)
5. Jat - Uttar Pradesh, India (1.2%)
Population affinity: South Asian, Amerindian
**Allele: 15 (2nd parent)
1. Buddhist - Ladakh, India (2.8%)
2. Katkari - Maharashtra, India (1.6%)
3. Berber - Southern Morocco (1%)
4. Northern Arab - Dubai Emirate (0.5%)
5. Chinese - Eastern China (0.5%)
Population affinity: Indian, Berber, Chinese
Locus: D2S1338
Allele: 22 (1st parent)
1. Mozambican - Maputo, Mozambique (19.4%)
2. Otomi Amerindian (Hna-hnu) - Tenango de Doria & San Bartolo Tutotepec, Mexico (16.1%)
3. Fang - Bioko, Equatorial Guinea (15.83%)
4. Equatorial Guinean - Madrid, Spain (15.7%)
5. Angolan - Cabinda, Angola (15%)
Population affinity: Sub-Saharan African, Amerindian
Allele: 27 (2nd parent)
1. Tutsi - Central Rwanda, Rwanda (3.226%)
2. Turk - Western Mediterranean Reg., Turkey (1.9%)
3. Han - Jilin, China (1.3%)
4. Indian - Malaysia (1%)
5. Angolan - Cabinda, Angola (0.91%)
Population affinity: Sub-Saharan African, Turkish, Chinese, Indian
Locus: D21S11
*Allele: 29 (1st parent)
1. Argon - Ladakh, India (34.8%)
2. Arab - Zriba, Tunisia (33.3%)
3. Chinese - Macau, China (32.8%)
4. Egyptian - Cairo, Egypt (32.5%)
5. Albanian - Kosovo (31.6%)
Population affinity: Indian, North African, Chinese, Albanian
Allele: 34 (2nd parent)
1. Colombian - Boyaca, Colombia (4.5%)
2. Satnami - Chhattisgarh, India (2.6%)
3. Brazilian - Pernambuco, Brazil (2.4%)
4. Angolan - Cabinda, Angola (2.27%)
5. Khatri - Uttar Pradesh, India (2.2%)
Population affinity: Amerindian, Sub-Saharan African, South Asian
Locus: D16S539
**Allele: 6 (1st parent)
1. Tamil - Tamil Nadu, India (1.67%)
2. Tibetan - Gannan, China (0.9%)
3. European-derived Brazilian - Sao Paulo, Brazil (0.5%)
4. Angolan - Cabinda, Angola (0.45%)
5. Venezuelan - Maracaibo, Venezuela (0.38%)
Population affinity: Indian, Tibetan, Iberian, Angolan, Amerindian
Allele: 10 (2nd parent)
1. Adi Pasi - Arunachal Pradesh, India (38.1%)
2. Hmar - Mizoram, India (31.4%)
3. Otomi Amerindian (Hna-hnu) - Cardonal, Mexico (29.8%)
4. Athabaskan - Alaska, United States (29.21%)
5. Huastecos Amerindian - Sain Luis Potosi, Mexico (27.85%)
Population affinity: South Asia, Amerindian, Inuit
Locus: D18S51
*Allele: 12 (1st parent)
1. Egyptian - Cairo, Egypt (23.6%)
2. Kurmi - Bihar, India (20.4%)
3. Male - Madeira, Portugal (20%)
4. Basque - Alava, Spain (19.59%)
5. Northern Arab - Dubai Emirate (19%)
Population affinity: Egyptian, Indian, Iberian, Gulf Arab
Allele: 22 (2nd parent)
1. Lusei - Mizoram, India (4.3%)
2. Argentine - Neuquen, Argentina (3.15%)
3. Huastecos Amerindian - San Luis Potosi, Mexico (2.91%)
4. East Timor - East Timor, Timor-Leste (2.7%)
5. African American - Bahamas (2.55%)
Population affinity: Indian, Amerindian, Austronesian, Sub-Saharan African
Locus: CSF1PO
Allele: 9 (1st parent)
1. Corsican - Upper Corsica, France (22.92%)
2. Corsican - Southern Corsica, France (22.29%)
3. Hutu - Nyarurema, Rwanda (17%)
4. Tutsi - Central Rwanda, Rwanda (11.667%)
5. Athabaskan - Alaska, United States (10.4%)
Population affinity: Corsican, Rwandan, Inuit
*Allele: 12 (2nd parent)
1. Lai - Mizoram, India (59.8%)
2. Han - Henan, China (58.9%)
3. Mahadeo-Koli - Maharashtra, India (55.7%)
4. Salishan - United States (50%)
5. Saskatchewan - United States (49.37%)
Population affinity: South Asian, Chinese, Amerindian
Locus: FGA
*Allele: 20 (1st parent)
1. Basque - Biscay, Spain (23.57%)
2. Argon - Ladakh, India (21.2%)
3. Basque - Alava, Spain (21.13%)
4. Byelorussian - North-Eastern Poland (20.3%)
5. Katkari - Maharashtra, India (20%)
Population affinity: Basque, Indian, Eastern European
Allele: 25 (2nd parent)
1. Huastecos Amerindian - San Luis Potosi, Mexico (29.55%)
2. Huastecos Amerindian - Huasteca, Mexico (29.4%)
3. Apache - United States (22.98%)
4. Otomi Amerindian (Hna-hnu) - Tenango de Doria & San Bartolo Tutotepec, Mexico (21.5%)
5. Yupik - South-Western Alaska, United States (21%)
Population affinity: Amerindian, Inuit
*asterisk=alleles whose top 100 AFGT matches are exclusively Eurasian
**double asterisk=rare allele