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Post by Noah on Aug 12, 2011 21:00:41 GMT -5
It has often been remarked that Hamites and Caucasoids in general possess unique skeletal attributes markedly different from those that characterize Negroid peoples. Chief among these is bone mineral density (BMD), wherein Black populations on average have considerably denser bones than other racial groups, including Hamitic peoples. "Adult Somalis, living in the USA, have also been reported to have a similar lumbar spine BMD to Caucasian Americans"
www.springerlink.com/content/p17038v8463r8707/
"Melton et al. looked at younger African Americans and recent immigrants from Somalia and compared them to Caucasians. The Somalian immigrant women had BMDs that fell between those of white Americans and those we traditionally call African Americans. When the BMDs were adjusted for bone size, the Somalian immigrants' BMDs were more similar to those of white Americans[...] Asian or Caucasian race has been identified as a risk factor for osteoporosis and included in recommendations for screening."
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2568675/pdf/jnma00181-0081.pdf
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Post by theleader9 on Aug 13, 2011 3:38:21 GMT -5
It's common sense that a Tyrone is bigger then a Abdi.
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Post by Noah on Aug 13, 2011 6:58:04 GMT -5
Actually, lower bone mineral density, as compared to that observed in Negroid populations, is something that characterizes Hamitic groups and other Caucasoids in general. That includes less gracile Caucasoids (although they may look robust, their actual bones are likewise still less dense than those of the average black person): "A higher bone mineral density in blacks compared to whites dates from infancy and is present throughout life. In black compared to white prepubertal boys, bone mineral densities of the hip, spine, trochanter, and femoral neck were significantly greater but growth hormone secretion and serum sex hormones were not different. A recent study found that total body bone mineral content is higher in black than in white children of the same age and Tanner stage[...] Bone mineral density at the lumbar spine, trochanter, and femoral neck are higher in black than in Caucasian women, both pre-menopausal and post-menopausal, and are higher in black than in white men."
books.google.ca/books?id=PrsDBgFMw4UC&pg=PA791#v=onepage&q&f=false
This is one of the main reason why the rate of osteoporosis is so much higher in Caucasoids than it is in Negroids i.e. the actual bones are inherently more fragile. Egyptians show an exaggerated version of this Caucasoid characteristic since they have a quite low overall bone mineral density. In other words, Egyptians are the polar opposite of Negroid populations with regard to this trait (among many others). "Bone mineral density charts have been constructed for Egyptian women and show that, in general, they have a lower bone mineral density compared to their Western counterparts. After the menopause, they suffer from osteoporosis, particularly at the femoral neck."
informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13697130601030170
The same applies to other North African populations, such as Moroccans: "Our results showed that the Moroccan women showed the expected decline in BMD at both sites with age after peaking at 20-29 years of age. Moroccan females have lower BMD at the spine than U.S., Europeans, and Kuwaitis (approximately 10-12% for patients older than 50yr). The BMD values of the total femur in Moroccan females were close to western (European and American), and Kuwaitis, but higher than Lebanese and Saudis."
In fact, osteoporosis was relatively common even in Ancient Egypt. So it's not something new or that was recently introduced to Egyptians by "population replacement" or something of that nature. As Hamitic Caucasoids, Egyptians have generally always had a lower bone mineral density than Negroid peoples: "Age-related bone loss at most skeletal sites is noted in both sexes of ancient Egyptians."
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.978/abstract
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Post by theleader9 on Aug 13, 2011 13:30:12 GMT -5
This might be of topic brother but isn't it wrong for some people to label the bodies of Hamities has super negroid because we have tropically adapted bodies due to our location and not due to admixture or anything.
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Post by Noah on Aug 13, 2011 18:03:43 GMT -5
You know an awful lot for a 19 year old Somali boy, Leader. Are you sure you aren't an Afrocentrist? To answer your question, the term "super-negroid" in reference to limb proportions does not refer to race. We know this because the authors who coined the term in the first place themselves said so: "ROBINS (1983) and ROBINS & SHUTE (1983) have shown that more consistent results are obtained for ancient Egyptian male skeletons if TROTTER & GLESER formulae for negro subjects are used, rather than those for whites which have always been applied in the past. This does not mean that the ancient Egyptians were negroes; indeed, in their art they clearly distinguished between their own facial features and skin colour and those of people from further south. It does, however, suggest that their physical proportions were more like those of modern negroes than those of modern whites, with limbs that were relatively long compared with the trunk, and distal limb segments that were long compared with the proximal segments."
www.springerlink.com/content/9516628073356622/
As the quote above explains, the tropical limb proportions in Hamitic peoples is due to adaptation to a similar tropical environment as that in which the ancestors of Negroid populations also evolved, not biological relatedness to Negroid peoples. "The elongation of the distal segments of the limbs is also clearly related to the dissipation of metabolically generated heat. Since heat stress and latitude are clearly related, one would expect to find a correlation between the two sets of traits that are associated with adaptation to survival in areas of great ambient temperature-namely skin color and limb proportions. This is clearly the case in such areas as equatorial Africa, the tropical portions of South Asia, and northern Australia, although there is little covariation with other sets of inherited traits. In this regard, it is interesting to note that the limb proportions of the Predynastic Naqada people in Upper Egypt are reported to be “super-negroid,” meaning that the distal segments are elongated in the fashion of tropical Africans (Robins and Shute, 1986). It would be just as accurate to call them “super-Veddoid or “super-Carpentarian” since skin color intensification and distal limb elongation is apparent wherever people have been long-term residents of the tropics. The term “super-tropical” would be better since it implies the results of selection associated with a given latitude rather than the more “racially loaded” term “negroid.”"
www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=3&ved=0CCoQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwysinger.homestead.com%2Fbrace.pdf&rct=j&q=clines%20clusters&ei=xgBHTsCuMZK80AG-zrX4Bw&usg=AFQjCNG-puLcMAFsntfF4IGUbfc_1J3hnQ&cad=rja
In fact, the tropical limb proportions of Hamitic peoples, such as Egyptians, is something which only further confirms the Levantine, circum-Palestine/Israel origins of the Paleo-Hamites since skeletal specimens from that same general area also have comparably tropical limb proportions. The plot below illustrates this well, with the Egyptian Hamitic sample's crural index (on the horizontal axis; temperature/climatic conditions are on the vertical axis) lining up almost identically with that of the early modern sample from the territory of modern-day Israel: So that's both anthropological and genetic studies, coupled with other factors such as linguistic affinities and archaeology, that all but confirm the standard theory on the biological origins and affinities of Hamitic peoples.
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Post by theleader9 on Aug 13, 2011 18:08:28 GMT -5
AHH I see and lol do trust in fact that I am not an afrocentric you know I started really young my man.
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